Violence In Romeo And Juliet Essay -- essays research papers

Romeo and Juliet, by Shakespeare, is a play which shows how bias prompts heightening brutality. Partiality prompts viciousness appeared in the play when the quarreling families, the Montagues and Capulets, battle. For each situation, interruption, battling, wounds and passing happen. Likewise, the preference between the two families never was settled, in light of the fact that they were adversaries. The quarreling began in Act 1 Scene 1, when the Capulets and Montague hirelings went up against one another. The Capulets’ hirelings affront the Montagues and this prompts a road fight of the two families. Besides, in Act 3 Scene 1, the contempt between the families deteriorates. When Tybalt needed vengeance against the Montagues, he at that point faced Romeo and Mercutio and began a duel. What's more, the quarrel between the families deteriorated, when Tybalt executed Mercutio. Additionally, in Act 5 Scene 3, Tybalt moves Romeo to battle and Romeo executes him. The road in Verona, an open spot, is the place the fighting beginnings between the two families. In Act 1 Scene 1, Sampson and Gregory, workers for the Capulets, offended the Montagues’ hirelings, Balthasar and Abraham. This prompts a battle, which includes the Lords of the two families and the Prince. No demise happened, however the families’ mentalities against one another were more regrettable than previously. This made loathe between the families, which lead to savagery. In like way, another duel between the two quarreling families fires up, once more, in the road of Verona in Act 3 Scene 1. When Merc...

Notes on Religion Free Essays

Incineration is a higher priority than entombment where religion? a. Buddhism b. chrlstlanltyc. We will compose a custom exposition test on Notes on Religion or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Hinduism d. Islamoc 2 The predominant part of Islam is a. Druze b. Eastern Orthodox c. Shiited. Sunni00 3. From the Russian Revolution to the tall ot the socialist government, what was the arrangement of the administration towards religion? all holy places were shut b, the old church was supplanted by Eastern Orthodoxc. houses of worship stayed open yet assumed a restricted job d. youth were urged to join in so that the could be Indoctrinated Into 4. Animists accept that a, people should finish God’s making of the Earthb. Lifeless things and atural occasions have spirits c. individuals should utilize the Earth’s assets catastrophic events are preventableO[7 5, The world’s biggest ethnic religion is a. Buddhism b. Christianityc. Hinduism d. IslamC0 The world’s biggest universalizing religion Is a, Buddhismb. Christianity c. Hinduism d, IslamC? 7. Which isn't an ethnic Asian religion? a. Buddhism b. Confucianism c. Shintoism d. DaolsmL]L] 8. Lutheranism Is a case of a Christian branchb_ group c. religion d. sectnn 9. What approach did the British follow in India? a. they isolated India into two nations they constrained the entirety of the Hindus to relocate c. hello surrendered the issue to the assembled Nationsd. they supported the abolishment ot the rank system00 10. Love in Hinduism is well on the way to happen an, In a sacred hallowed place b. as part ofa pilgrimage’c. at home d. In a pagodaClD 11, The confidence in the presence of just a single god is a. anlmlsm b. osmogonyc. monotheism d. solstlceoc 12 Roman Catholics are grouped In the LJ_S_ southwest fundamentally as a result of movement ofa. Roman Catholics from Latin America b. Roman Catholics from the upper east U. S. c. Roman Catholics trom Ireland d. Protestants toward the northCC 13. Hinduism’s station systema_ allots everybody to an unmistakable class announces the ilgrimages which ought to be taken c. subs for the absence of a heavenly book d. recognizes a family’s significant deities0C 14. A universalizing religion a. Depends on the physical characterlstlcs of a specific area on Earthb. requests to individuals living In a wide assortment of areas c. Is infrequently transmitted through evangelists d. is deliberately evolved to be a world religion0L] 15 What Is the holiest book In Hinduism? a. the Bible b. the Old Testament c. the Qurand. none of the above?0 16. The objective of the larger part ot individuals living in Northern Ireland is toa. remain part ot the United Ireland d. Join the Irish Republican Army00 The most effective method to refer to Notes on Religion, Papers

Piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Piece - Essay Example Despite the fact that there are other minor scope orchestras credited to Mozart’s name yet there are questions as to legitimacy. In any case, Symphony Number Forty and Symphony Number Twenty Five are minor scope ensembles both legitimately ascribed to Mozart (Zaslaw). This paper will investigate Mozart’s history, his Symphony Number Forty regarding its authentic setting and its portrayal so as to draw out the subtleties in this incredible melodic piece. Mozart’s Life and Times It would not be unjustified to term Mozart as one of the central groups of Western old style music. Mozart hailed from a period when Europe was abounding with melodic movement. Mozart was supported in his melodic undertakings at an early age by his family foundation. Wolfgang Mozart’s father, Leopold Mozart was a rehearsing artist and rushed to understand his son’s gifts right off the bat. Mozart was urged to take up music at an early age and had the option to form as right on time as five years of age. The most punctual exhibitions by Mozart depended on the violin and the piano and this left a significant solid impact on the developing Mozart later. The early works of Mozart will in general rotate around the violin and the piano in enormous part particularly his concertos. ... Mozart moved into the Austrian capital and was soon en route to acclaim in spite of the fact that Mozart’s budgetary difficulties were a long way from being done. The productive character and the nature of Mozart’s work had the option to extend him into the spotlight in Vienna and around. Be that as it may, prohibiting conditions, for example, the Austro Turk war from a similar time end up being a channel on the financial assets of Mozart’s supporters. Subsequently, Mozart wound up in a tough situation for quite a while. In the end, Mozart’s conditions started to recuperate yet the incredible writer was before long guaranteed by a secretive sickness. Wolfgang Mozart passed on in 1791 at age thirty five. Mozart’s troublesome passing has been the subject of much theory throughout the years and the vast majority consider his initial demise a difficulty to Western traditional music (Robbins). History of Symphony Number Forty The cause of Symphony Number Forty has been followed to Mozart with verification. The ensemble was noted somewhere around Mozart in his own note pad on July the 25th, 1788. It must be noticed that Symphony Number Forty hails from one of the most productive periods in Mozart’s life. The period wherein this orchestra was made comprised of just half a month however works from this period by Mozart are hailed as showstoppers in their own right (Deutsch). Orchestra Number Forty has gone under discussion for Mozart’s individual viewership. It has been contended that Mozart was always unable to hear his Symphony Number Forty performed during his lifetime. The time between the organization of Symphony Number Forty and Mozart’s passing is brief so it is contended that Mozart kicked the bucket before any enormous exhibitions of Symphony Number Forty. Be that as it may, there are different analysts who reason that Mozart was involved with Symphony

Gendered Friendships in Georgian Literature Rebellious Lady Power in Lady Susan - Literature Essay Samples

Long has the concept of female friendship confounded researchers, philosophers, scientists, and novelists alike. Friendships among women often confuse, and even intimidate, cultures built on hierarchies of power that center around men’s logical prowess. This cautious uncertainty extends to the writings of Jane Austen, whose often female protagonists also wrestle with the looming confusion of female friendships. In novels such as Emma and Wuthering Heights, Austen’s young heroines often end up trading in female relationships for the ultimate friendship of the Gregorian period—marriage. To understand the early English literary trend of women abandoning friendly connections in the name of nuptial bliss, one can look to philosophical understandings of reason and sensibility in friendship, as well as cultural implications of gender in both traits. Then, one can examine one of the exceptions to Austen’s pattern in her novel Lady Susan, published posthumously. Th e novel introduces an odd predicament in the friendship of Lady Susan Vernon and Alicia Johnson, which this paper will identify as a literary device conceivable only through the masculinized behavior of both women. Through these assessments, it becomes clear that Lady Susan is one of Austen’s only novels where she allows for gender in friendships to function in an egalitarian way. For Gregorian England, ideas of sense and sensibility were understood in heavily gendered ways. Sense, referring to the ability to think logically, clearly, and objectively, was primarily a masculine quality. Sensibility, referring to utilizing emotions, feelings, and intuition, was understood to be inherently feminine. This cultural perception comes as no real surprise to avid Austen readers, considering the interaction many of Austen’s female characters have with their male counterparts. For example, within Austen’s Emma, Emma’s extravagantly impulsive behavior is explained by her hyper-femininized identity as the â€Å"princess paramount,† while Mr. Knightly’s composed line of thought is clearly indicative of his masculine identity and position as the older, wiser man in Emma’s life. This situation repeats itself in Austen’s novels, such as with Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy of Pride and Prejudice, or even to a degree Catherine Mor land and Henry Tilney in Northanger Abbey. Reason is characterized by Austen as a masculine pursuit, while emotion belongs to the realm of women. This dichotomy makes relationships involving both sexes common-sense, combining both the head and heart together into an androgynous social unit that balances the halves perfectly. Relationships within Austen’s novels operate under this understanding that relationships work best when weaving concepts of sense and sensibility together, translating in a cultural sense, quite literally, to mean that women and men are the only parts of a functional friendship in Gregorian England. Friendship has been the topic of philosophical discussion for eons, earning the badge of being â€Å"one of the most indispensable requirements of life† by Aristotle within the Nicomachean Ethics, 20 centuries before the complicated web of the Bennet sisterhood was even a twinkle in Austen’s eye. However, the specific topic of female friendship is historically excluded from such philosophical debate. Rather, women and their cohorts are examined â€Å"as an example of unequal friendships: friendship between husband and wife is on par with that between father and son, older and younger man, ruler and ruled. The possibility of friendship between two women and of their potential equality is never envisaged† (Jefferson 139). There is an expectation of female friendships to be fundamentally flawed, full of emotion and devoid of sense in a way that leads to no mutual growth or enjoyment. Because sense and sensibility are presented as dead opposite yet in dire need of ea ch other to create harmony, it follows that women and men are similarly opposite but simultaneously the only way to create a truly balanced friendship. The dichotomy of sense and sensibility regarding gender is acknowledged by multiple feminist scholars, including Mary Wollstonecraft, who approaches its social meaning within A Vindication of the Rights of Women, published in 1792. Wollstonecraft assets that philosophers â€Å"have labored to prove, with chivalrous generosity, that the sexes ought not to be compared; man was made to reason, woman to feel: and that together, flesh and spirit, they make the most perfect whole, by blending happily reason and sensibility into one character† (Todd 30). It follows, then, that a relationship between two women would be lacking in reason, and too flush with feelings to function well. Fictional friendships between women would find themselves lacking in sense, and far too fraught with sensibilities. Often, Austen presents female friendships in her novels at the formative period of her young heroine’s life, and the friendship ultimately dissolves to pave way for the stronger, edito rially deeper relationship of marriage. This is easily observed in the friendship of Catherine Morland and Isabella Thorpe of Northanger Abbey. Even when Isabella is replaced by the leagues more rational Eleanor Tilney, the friendship Catherine enjoys with her during their few independent days at Northanger Abbey is dominated by the plot arc of her marriage to Henry. The enjoyment of their friendship doesn’t seem to be enough for Catherine and Eleanor’s development as characters, and although their marriages do not destroy their relationship completely, there is a definite overshadowing of their friendship by heterosexual romantic relationships. There seems to be a quiet implication by Austen that young women’s friendships exist only as a distraction, incapable of the same kind of positive impact that a hetero friendship is capable of. This message comes directly from cultural standards dictating what men and women bring to social relationships. Although many of Austen’s novels follow this pattern, Lady Susan forges a new and uncommon path for female friendships in Austen’s writing. To fully analyze the cultural implications of Lady Susan Vernon and Mrs. Johnson’s rebellious friendship, one must first analyze how strongly Austen emphasized their close relationship. Then, one can begin to relate their friendship to how both characters are presented as rogue to gender norms, which allows their friendship to flourish. The epistolary format of Lady Susan allows its reader to see tangible proof of Lady Susan and Mrs. Johnson’s close relationship. One of Austen’s most endearing qualities of being able to exemplify lasting human nature shines in her presentation of Lady Susan and Mrs. Johnson as gossipy best friends, a trope recognized decades later. Sharing each morsel of titillating the drama that is Lady Susan’s lifestyle with each other, the two women’s relationship can fully shine via their personal letters. One example of which is through Lady Susan’s request of Mrs. Johnson to detain Sir Reginald at her home on Edward Street and convince him to quit his visit to Bath, which Lady Susan frames in shadowy terms, speaking of â€Å"Propriety and so forth† (Austen 239). This vague phrasing inferences some unspoken acknowledgment for both women, left unexplained to the reader. Such intricacies of the women’s correspondence point not only to a similarity of mind, but also previous communication about similar things and a comfort with inferencing conversations beneath the letter’s surface level. It’s also worth noting that it seems that Mrs. Johnson is aware of the true parameters of Lady Susan and Mr. Manwaring’s relationship, based on how quickly Lady Susan mentions him in letters without much exposition. The formatting of their letters also hints to their close friendship. As opposed to Lady Susan’s rather verbose letters to other characters, such as Sir Reginald, her letters to Mrs. Johnson are rather short and direct. Lady Susan uses full, fluid sentences in her addresses to other people, almost in a sly effort to influence their reception of her news. With Mrs. Johnson, though, Lady Susan is much jumpier in punctuation and word choice. This difference feels almost reminiscent of modern differences between a text sent to a parent, and a text sent to a best friend. Points are made quicker, there’s far less exposition and filler statements, and Lady Susan seems far more conversational than manipulative. It seems that Austen is trying to make a statement on the two women’s comfort with each other, a quality not typically seen in Austen heroine’s friendships. The tendency of modern readers to identify Mrs. Johnson and Lady Susan’s friendship as suspect, or manufactured by Austen only to highlight the manipulative abilities of Lady Susan, is symptomatic of a cultural mistrust of female friendships. As observed by Ann Jefferson within Female Friendship as a Literary Fact, â€Å"Friendship between women tends more generally to be regarded with suspicion, and that suspicion usually focuses on sex. Either women are assumed to scheme together to arrange illicit sex with a man, or†¦women may actually be having sex with each other† (140). Because patriarchal culture has popularized an understanding of friendships as strategic, and often â€Å"pleasantly useful,† Lady Susan and Mrs. Johnson’s genuine friendship feels doubtful to readers (Thomason 228). Despite their constant communication, deep understanding of each other’s motivations, and their kindness to each other that acts against their personalities, there is an inherent want to distrust their friendship. In part, this is a side-effect of Austen’s literary patterns. There exists no other Austen novel where two women operate in such a synchronized way to further each other desires while prioritizing themselves. Even Elizabeth Bennet manages to avoid directly scheming Mr. Bingley back into her sister’s arms after their separation, despite the girl’s mutual want for the other’s nuptial happiness in Pride and Prejudice. Austen has not conditioned her readers to expect two women to coordinate themselves with each other. Austen has especially avoided women allying themselves in ways not centered around an innocent hope of trapping a young man for guiltless flirting. Backed by this unassuming literary pattern, the more conspiratorial behavior of Lady Susan and Mrs. Johnson arouses suspicion. The fact that suspicion of female friendships often centers around sex reinforces the fact that fear of such relationships is grounded in gender expectations. Because such a r elationship challenges gender norms, friendships between women provoke fears that women will either hatch a plan to trick men and undermine their power, or will eliminate the sexual need for men that reinforces patriarchal control over women. Just as Austen has avoided creating a situation where women operate in a genuinely friendly way, so has a patriarchal culture which views the friendships of women as fraught with an excess of sensibility, leading to self-indulgence and loss of judgement. The subconscious reasoning behind this distrust is that women shouldn’t be allowed to operate without some decent sense—or, more literally, without some decent men. The only reason for female friendship in Gregorian England, as demonstrated in Austen novels and backed by cultural understandings of gender, is as a placeholder for a superior friendship with a man. Lady Susan and Mrs. Johnson challenge this, holding their friendship in high importance while simultaneously married (assuming their correspondence began before Lord Vernon’s death, which seems to be the implication.) Austen is able to establish and explain this friendship by painting both characters as masculine. By gendering both women as masculine, Austen justifies the friendship between Lady Susan and Mrs. Johnson. Austen avoids the cultural expectancy of such a friendship to lack rational capabilities by not viewing both as women, and therefore sensible, but instead as both men, and thus logical. This gendering is a key aspect when considering the two women’s sudden split from each other at the end of the novel. Obviously, both Lady Susan and Mrs. Johnson are akin to each other’s wants. Lady Susan is aware of Mrs. Johnson’s want for attention amidst her unfulfilling marriage, allowing her to flirt with Mr. Reginald, while Mrs. Johnson is available for Lady Susan’s schemes and ready to offer political refuge for all the woman’s romantic conquests. This claim of friendship may seem to pale when considering their sudden end of correspondence, but by assessing why we may be skeptical of such a strong female friendship ending so suddenly, it becomes clear tha t Austen is intending a comment on the function of gender in the friendship. Readers may be more prepared to see such a relationship from male characters, who are expected to be more emotionally detached from one another, and more self-servicing than women. Austen pushes against this notion with the friendship of Lady Susan and Mrs. Johnson. Both women show affection to each other, but it is overshadowed by a stereotypically male sense of duty to oneself and self-protection. Lady Susan and Mrs. Johnson are women operating within patriarchal confines, and Austen does not push against their feminity besides assigning both of them the role of sense over sensibility in their friendship. It’s curious that the one Austen novel to present women as truly symbiotic remained unpublished during her lifetime, but the depth of that implication remains beyond the scope of this paper. In conclusion, Lady Susan presents Austen’s most telling account of female friendship in Lady Susan Vernon and Mrs. Johnson. The friendship of both women is culturally unusual, presenting a new side of sense and sensibility that challenges current ideals. It is unclear if Austen meant to champion Gregorian era gal-pals getting what they want from life, or if she was making a less forward-thinking comment on conniving women drawing inspiration from other infamous female assemblies (think covens and other terrifying all-women groups.) Either way, Lady Susan becomes a charming piece of inadvertent girl power literature. One can only wonder what would have happened had Austen allowed Elizabeth and Jane Bennet to see how Lady Susan Vernons’s female power backed conspirations allowed her to get hers. Works Cited Jefferson, Ann. Female Friendship as a Literary Fact. Romanic Review, vol. 107, nos. 1-4, Jan-Nov 2016, pp. 137-51. MLA International Bibliography. Thomason, Laura E. The Dilemma of Friendship in Austens Emma. The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation, vol. 56, no. 2, 2015. MLA International Bibliography. Todd, Janet M. Female Friendships in Jane Austens Novels. The Journal of the Rutgers University Libraries. MLA International Bibliography.

Technology And Society Impact Of Technology On Society

Introduction Technology has impacted people, businesses and society as a whole. The roles that technology has played on communication, business and education have been more than impactful. As the power of computers continue to increase with help from databases, social networking and businesses, it adds an increase to office productivity compared to using typewriters, and filing cabinets. Although there are plenty of good things about technology, the way we use it determines if it impacts are positive to the society or negative. As modern technology continues to grow and advances, so does the future effect on our life and society. The impact of technology on communication business and education, has been extensive and largely positive by helping people keep in touch (Ramey, Karehka. Technology And Society - Impact of Technology On Society. Use of Technology). However, there are also plenty of downsides from technology s impact on communication and society. The purpose of this report is to give an analytical view on the topic of technology in the 21st century. The report will address how technology is used in communication and business. Secondly, the report will compare the effects it may have on learning and education. The report will also explain the advantages and disadvantages of technology. Finally, the report will discuss the impact on society. In preparing this report, online research was done on how technology affects education, communication and business in theShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On Society : Technology1281 Words   |  6 PagesImpact Of Technology On Society Technology, without a doubt has an impact on society. As a matter of fact, we experience this impact in our daily lives. The evolution of technology has dramatically changed the way we think, with the rapid new advancements being made with each passing day, to the tremendous opportunities it provides us with. It has an effect on the growth of our culture, living standards and our economy. At the end of the day technology plays a significant role in almost all fieldsRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1302 Words   |  6 Pages Technology Dominates Society How has technology affected the everyday life of society today? Is society as social as it use to be before everyone had access to an abundance of technology? Many people believe that the answer to those questions are that society is less social and technology has had a negative impact on humans today. As technology progresses bounteously society begins to rapidly decline. The ways society is negatively impacted socially mentally and emotionally will be analyzed. Read MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1198 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is used on a daily basis to accomplish specific tasks or interests. Modern technology increases human capabilities and this technology has evolved with years. Technology simplifies life in so many ways and everyone defines technology in their own way. They’re new types of technology on the market, this technology simplifies our daily lives. They’re endless demands as consumers of technology, people use technology to accomplish simple tasks every day. Technology’s used in business, educationRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Society1291 Words   |  6 PagesSociety has always been impacted by technology. Each invention has affected how people relate to one another and how cultures have expanded or ended. Technology impacts how cities grow, where people live, and who owns what. Technologies are the reason a few people are very rich, that people are more social, and that teaching, and learning is changing. 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Without technology today, the world would be a much, much different place because of the major setback in communication and other activities and resources. The things that technology impacts are family, education, and health. Family is one area technology impacts life in general. â€Å"88% of Americans adults haveRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe technology is creating a generation capable of communication and understanding different cultures and belief. The technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purpose. It machinery and equipment developed from such as scientific knowledge. Humans have lived for thousands of years without any technology in small hunter gatherer communities, but now we have all of this technology and the population on Earth has exploded and will not stop anytime soon. â€Å"Society seems enthralledRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1596 Words   |  7 PagesSociety has become dependent on technology and it now plays an important role in many people’s lives. Try imagining your life without technology. If the internet, mobile devices, and games were taken away from us, how would we feel? M any people would feel like a part of their lives are missing due to technology now being a necessity in their everyday life. It would be very different from what we are comfortable with today. The truth is, many people rely on technology to get them through the dayRead MoreTechnology and Its Impact on Society1082 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and its impact on society In this paper I will talk about the topic that technology will eventually destroy the entire civilization, since people are greedy and the revenge of nature. Technology s advantages and disadvantages are a subject of constant discussion. Those who are against technology have the opinion that technology harms people and will ultimately ruin human civilization. Threats to the environment are pollution, resource depletion, greenhouse gas, and nuclear power abuseRead MoreTechnology Impact On Society1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe technology used in society is regularly changing and developing in a way that forces a push of usage in all aspects of life. This technological growth happening in the world is increasingly rapid, with new advancements being made with each passing day. It has become an integral part in almost every person’s live, whether they realize it or not. Many find these technological advances to be beneficial and necessary to life, while some see it as simply a dist raction. Whatever opinion held, it can

Why I Need A Heart Transplant - 1858 Words

Heart Transplant Share to FacebookShare to TwitterShare to EmailShare to PrintMore AddThis Share optionsMore See related health topics and resources Back to Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures What is a heart transplant? A heart transplant is surgery to remove the diseased heart from a person and replace it with a healthy one from an organ donor. To remove the heart from the donor, two or more healthcare providers must declare the donor brain-dead. Before you can be put on a waiting list for a heart transplant, a healthcare provider makes the decision that this is the best treatment choice for your heart failure. A healthcare team also makes sure you are healthy enough to go through the transplant process. Why might I need a heart†¦show more content†¦What are the risks of a heart transplant? As with any surgery, complications may occur. Potential risks of a heart transplant may include: Infection Bleeding during or after the surgery Blood clots that can cause heart attack, stroke, or lung problems Breathing problems Kidney failure Coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV). This is a problem with the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart muscle itself. They become thick and hard. This can can cause serious heart muscle damage. Failure of the donor heart The new heart may be rejected by your body s immune system. Rejection is your body s normal reaction to a foreign object or tissue. When you get a new heart, your immune system reacts to what it sees as a foreign threat and attacks the new organ. To allow the transplanted organ to survive in a new body, you will need to take medicines. The medicines will trick the immune system into accepting the transplant and keep it from attacking it. You will need to take the medicines to prevent or treat rejection for the rest of your

Safety Standards for Automation Systems and Industrial Machinery

Question: Describe about the Safety Standards for Automation Systems and Industrial Machinery. Answer: Introduction Automation systems and industries involve giant sized fully functioning machineries and equipments for the manufacture, production and other purposes. In spite of the fact that these machines are extremely efficient in the operations for which these are used, there are a lot of risks with these machineries (Caputo, Pelagagge and Salini 2013). Owing to their huge sizes and dangerous shapes, they pose quite a threat to the workers in the industries. With increasing size of the machineries, chances of accidents also increase significantly. Moreover, in the factories where very high temperatures are used, the furnace machineries have chances of bursting that causes fatal damage to the nearby workers. Hence, some safety regulations and guidelines are required so that these heavy machineries are operated in the right manner and the chances of accidents are minimized (Suprem, Mahalik and Kim 2013). In the following essay, a review has been conducted on the current EU safety directives and s tandards for automation systems and industrial machinery. Review on Current EU Safety Directives and Standards for Automation Systems and Industrial Machinery The current EU safety directives and standards for automation systems and industrial machinery has two different categories of standards that are to be followed during operations. These are A-type Standards and B-type Standards. A-type Standards mainly deal with the basic concepts of operations and safety guidelines for the automations and machineries. The main reference for the standard is EN ISO 12100:2010, the main essence of which is the general principles of machine design (Gaj, Jasperneite and Felser 2013). It also contains risk assessment and risk mitigation guidelines. As these standards only state the basic concepts of safety guidelines, these are not really useful for implementation without additional information and concepts. Hence, the B-type Standards were introduced. B-type Standards were designed to provide more details for the safety guidelines and machine designs. B-type Standards were not limited like the A-type Standards and hence, they were more useful for application in the industries and automation systems. However, as more and more details were added, the B-type Standards started to grow in size and the information for different types of operations and machineries (Chinniah 2015). However, after sometime, it was decided that these guidelines will be separated under different sections for different machineries and operations. Some of the important B-type Standards are as follows. EN ISO 13849-1:2015 This standard mainly deals with the basic safety guidelines for heavy machineries. However, in this standard, special emphasis is given to the parts of control systems that are to be controlled for safety purposes. This standard also contains general principle of design of the machineries. EN ISO 13849-2:2012 This standard follows up from the previous standard and adds more information and data into the principles of the machine design and operations. There are more safety guidelines that have been added in this standard that are to be followed in the automation industry (Vyatkin 2013). Finally in the last part, instead of general principles of design, the validation guidelines for the machineries have been provided. EN 62061:2005 This standard contains some more guidelines on safety of automation equipments and machineries. However, the main parts of this standard mainly deals with electronic, programmable electronic and electrical control systems. EN 60204-31:2013 It is the standard for the small and medium sized machineries and operation equipments. This standard mainly deals with Particular safety and EMC requirements for sewing machines, units and systems. EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 This standard deals with ergonomic design principles of machines and operation equipments. This set of guidelines contains basic concepts, definitions of terminologies and principles of the ergonomic design principles. EN 614-2:2000+A1:2008 This follows up from the previous standard and contains more information on the ergonomic design principles (Kova?i? et al. 2016). Following the basic set of the guidelines of the previous standard, this standard deals with Interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks. Product Specific Standard: EN 13241-1:2003+A1:2011 This particular standard is specific to the industrial products. The main gist of this standard deals with the standards to be followed for the manufacture of products with resistance and control characteristics. Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC The machinery directives are the set of standards that deal with the safety and operation guidelines for heavy industrial machines that work under high physical factors like pressure, heat and others (Vasic and Billard 2013). These machines have significant chances of major and fatal accidents and hence, some safety measures must be adopted to minimize chances of accidents. Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC was designed with specific safety standards and guidelines required to be followed before installation and operation of the heavy machineries. After the machineries are installed, this standard is applied to verify whether all the guidelines are met and satisfied or not. Low voltage Directive 2014/35/EU As with heavy machineries, safety standards are needed for using electrical equipments as well. In large industries, the electrical instruments are used with very high currents that can be fatal even with a simple touch. Hence, the Low voltage Directive 2014/35/EU was designed (Rausand 2014). This directive contains safety guidelines and standards for use and handling of electrical equipments with which, very high current is used. Before starting operations of an electrical machine, these safety standards must be verified and risks must be calculated so that suitable precautions can be taken. Overall Review On the overall, the present EU safety directives and standards for automation systems and industrial machinery and mechanical apparatus has two unique classes of models that are to be taken after amid operations. These are A-sort Standards and B-sort Standards. A-type Standards principally manage the fundamental ideas of operations and wellbeing rules for the machineries and machineries. On the other hand, B-sort Standards were intended to give more subtle elements to the safety rules and machine plans (Rajan and Wahl 2013). A standard was designed in order to manage the fundamental safety rules for substantial hardware. Another standard was developed additionally contains general rule of outline of the machineries. These standards are more or less successful in providing proper and accurate guidelines and have successfully minimized chances of major accidents. Other standards were also developed with further modifications and these additions followed up from the past standards and included more data and information into the standards of the machine outline and operations. Some standards were developed for small and medium equipments as well and these for the most part managed specific wellbeing and EMC prerequisites for sewing machines, units and frameworks. This standard manages ergonomic outline standards of machines and operation supplies. Taking after the essential arrangement of the rules of the past standard, this standard manages connections between the outline of apparatus and work undertakings (Dixon 2014). Finally, some specific standards or directives were developed that were particular to the modern items. Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC was composed with particular wellbeing measures and rules required to be taken after before establishment and operation of the substantial machineries. Likewise, with overwhelming machineries, safety principles are required for utilizing electrical types of gear also. This mandate contains wellbeing rules and measures for utilize and treatment of electrical types of gear with which, high current is utilized. All these standards and directives were more or less successful and are successfully being implemented in global industries for verification of the available standard. 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